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Salvadora persica L

A small tree or shrub, perennial and evergreen, typically reaching up to 7 meters in height. It exhibits a multi-branched growth habit, with a white, fissured bark. The crown is broad, composed of numerous arching green branches.
Leaves are succulent, ranging in color from light to dark green, and are ovate to nearly round in shape. The flowers are yellow. The fruit is fleshy and spherical, measuring 5–10 mm in diameter, and varies in color from red to black. Fruits are borne in slender, branched clusters, approximately 10 cm in length.

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Scintefic Name

Salvadora Persica L

Family

Salvadoraceae

Native Range

The Arabian Peninsula, South-Central Asia, the Mediterranean Basin, and Africa.

Distribution in Saudi Arabia

Found across the valleys along the Red Sea coast in Makkah Region (including Al-Leith and Al-Qunfudhah), as well as in Jazan and Aseer. It is also prevalent in the mountainous valleys of the southern region.

Importance

An important fodder plant and the natural source of miswak, with noted medicinal uses

Environmental Preferences

Sandy plains, wadis, and coastal alluvial flats

Soil: alkaline, saline, sandy loamy

Climate: full sun exposure

Soil pH: not specified

Suitability for Cultivation

Elevation range

0–1,800 meters above sea level

Propagation methods

Seeds and Hardwood Cuttings

Planting season

February to March

Irrigation

Moderate requirement

Fertilization

Moderate requirement

Care

Requires pruning, pest control spraying, and plant support during early growth stages

Toxicity Risks

None reported

Pests and diseases

Leaf worms and some foliar fungal infections

Growth Characteristics and Environmental Adaptation

Flowering period

February – March – April

Growth rate

Slow

Drought tolerance

High

Drenching

High

Salinity tolerance

16,000 to 48,000 ppm (parts per million)

Temperature range

3–47 °C

The Plant Gallery

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